Combined center



2 SheetsSheet 1.

(No Model.)

H. W. EVANS.

COMBINED CENTER, T, AND TRY SQUARE, BBVEL, AND GLINOMETER.

No. 880,714. Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

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H. W. EVANS COMBINED CENTER, T, AND TRY SQUARE BEVEL, AND GLINOMETER.No. 380,714. Patented Apr. 10, '1888.

WITNESSES: INVENTUR:

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UNITED STATES HAMPTON W. EVANS, OF PH COMBINED CENTER, 1', AND TRYPATENT OFFICE.

ILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SQUARE, BEVEL, AND CLINOMETER.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent NO. 380,714, dated April10, 1888.

Application filed November 29, 1887. Serial No. 256,373. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HAMPTON W. EVANS, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Phila= delphiaand State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Universal Squares, of which the following is aspecification.

The principal object of my invention is to provide an instrument ordevice that may be readily adjusted to any angle desired and providedwith removable means, whereby said in strument may be used as acenter-square as well as a miter-square, try-square, graduated bevel,clinometer, T-square, &c.

My invention consists of an instrument or device constructedsubstantially in the manner hereinafter described.

The nature of my invention will be fully understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings, wherein I have illustrated the same in forms inwhich it is capable of performing certain functions, and in which-*Figure 1 represents perspectively the sev eral parts detachedconstituting my improved device. instrument when used as acenter-square. Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the hingejoint ofthe device, and also showing the means for clamping the graduated ruleto said device and adjusting the same to any desired angle forperforming its several functions or uses. Fig. 4 is a top or plan viewof the instrument when used as a trysquare, and also indicating indotted lines the use thereof as a mitersquare. Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview of the device when used as a clinometer; and Fig. 6

is a similar view of the device, showing its application as a graduatedbevel.

Referring to the drawings for a further de scription of my invention, Aand A are two triangular shaped metallic pieces. These two pieces arehinged together in the manner to be presently described, and form whatis termed the head or stock of the device. These triangular=shapedpieces A and A are provided with checks at and a, and at their rearextremities are formed right-angular shoulders to and a Thetriangular-shaped piece A on the bottom is provided with a narrow flangeor rim, to, extending along the inner edge from Fig. 2 is a plan or topview of the inner edge of this metallic piece A and ten minating in anacute angular projection having an adjustingscrew, is, mounted therein.

To the inner side of the cheek a is formed a projection or shoulder, ahaving an adj ustingscrew, a", therein. Contiguous to the shoulder a isa curved seat, m, with a threaded opening, a, located centrally therein,and con tiguous thereto is a small opening, a for the reception of oneof the free extremities of a in proper position above said curved seata". The rear extremity of the piece A is formed in the shape of a disk,A with a recessed opening, at, therein, as shown in Fig. 3, forreceiving a washer, a, fitted to a stud, b, cut away to receive it in amanner to be presently fully described.

The triangular-shaped metallic piece A is provided with an outer cheek,a, and terminating in a right-angular shoulder, (t and this piece A hason its inner edge a flange or rim, at", extending from .the outerextremity to about the middle of the edge of the piece A and terminatingin an angular projection, a. The cheek a of this piece A is cut awaynear its rear extremity,at an angle of forty-five degrees thereto, withan inner angular projection, a, as shown in Fig. 1, and in this angularprojection is inserted an adjusting-screw, Z. The triangular-shapedpiece A beneath the cheek a has formed therein an oblong opening for thereception of a'glass bulb, B, and in the cheek and side of the piece Aare provided oblong openings b and b for observing the spirit level orbulb. The rear extremity of the piece A has formed therewith a disk, A,with a recessed opening, a; therein for the reception therewith, anenlarged shouldered head, b, with two or more openings, b. This stud bhas its lower portion cut away to receive a metallic or other suitableWasher, a, con forming to the shape of the lower portion of the stud band when secured to place for permittingthis stud provided with athreaded shank, b carrying a nut, to turn freely in the recessedopenings a and a of the disks A and A The two triangulanshaped pieces Aand A Q the outer extremity to about the middle of the coiled spring, athrough which a screw, a", is inserted for holding a clamping plate, a",

of a stud, b having formed,preferably integral being placed in theirnormal position, a light washer, of metal or other material, may beplaced between the two disks A and Afland the stud bflcarrying theshouldered head bZinserted through the openings a and a. A washer, a, isthen fitted onto the lower portion of said stud, and a nut, b, screwedonto the threaded shank b thereof until this nut rests snugly up againstsaid washer a. A semicircular clamp-' ing-plate, 0, having two or moredowels, c, is now mounted in the shouldered head,with the dowels 0thereof fitting into the openings I), provided to receive them in saidhead If, and this plate,tightened and loosened by means of athumb-screw, 0 passing through said plate into the shouldered head. Thissemicircular clamping-plate c is preferably provided with beveled-offedges and a depending rib or lip, c, in the under surface thereof. Theenlarged circular head b formed with the stud b, is cut away from thecenter line to the outer periphery thereof for the reception of agraduated rule, I), having a central longitudinal concave groovetherein. In this groove the lip or rib c of the semicircularclampingplate c is made to engage for holding the rule firmly up againstthe centerline or edge of the shouldered head b The disks A and A formedintegral with the two-part head or stock, project beyond the shoulders aand a of the cheeks a and a of the device, the periphery of each ofwhich is graduated, preferably, from zero to ninety degrees, whereby thetwo-part stock may be readily set at any angle desired, and when securedthe screw a may be tightened, thereby forcing the curved plate a downsnugly onto the shouldered head 6 of the stud, and clamping and firmlyholding the same, together with the rule D, in the desired position foruse, and allowing as well the free handling of the dev1ce.

Having thus described the construction of my improved device, I will nowpoint out more particularly some of the particular features and theseveral uses thereof.

In Fig. 2 I have shown my improved device in application as acenter-square, in which the inner edges of each of the triangular-shapedpieces A and A, forming the stock or head of the device, are arranged incontact with a cylindrical body, H, the center of which is tobeascertained. The graduated rule D is then placed between the shoulderedhead b and clamp-plate c, and held firmly in position by means of thethumbscrew c", and with the rule in the position as shown in Fig. 2, thetrue center of the cylindrical body H may then be readily ascertained.

In Fig. 4 I have illustrated my invention in application as atry-square, in which the blade or rule is readily clamped, as shown, ina position at a right angle to the respective cheeks a and a of thedevice, and thescrew a", in the right-angular shoulder a of thetriangular shaped piece A, serves as a means for adjusting the blade orrule D at all times to the proper angle to the dcvicethat is to say, ata right angle to the respective cheeks thereof. With the graduated ruleor blade D in the position indicated in Fig. 4, and with the spiritlevel or bulb in the triangular-shaped piece A, a convenient or handyplumb is presented fer use. By merely moving the graduated blade-or ruleD to an angle of forty-five degrees to the device, so that one edge ofthe blade rests against the adjusting-screw Z in the angular projectiona of the metallic piece A, a handy and convenient miter-square is formedfor use.

By removing the blade or rule D from the clamping mechanism of thedevice, the instru ment may be used as a level, the set-screw k servingto hold the two triangular-shaped metallic pieces A and A in such aposition at all times as that the respective checks at and a thereofwill be parallel to each other.

In Fig. 5 I have illustrated my invention in application as a clinometerfor readily ascertaining the degrees of inclined planes. My improveddevice or instrument may be readily arranged for performing thisfunction by pracing the triangular-shaped metallic piece A with itscheck a upon the incline and causing the opposite metallic piece, A, toassume a horizontal position, and then reading off the degrees fromthegraduated peripheries of the respective disks A and A of the device forquickly ascertaining the angle ofthe incline to the horizontal plane ofthe device, whereby a convenient clinometer is presented for suchpurposes.

In Fig. 6 I have illustrated my improved device in contact with arectangular-shaped bar, 1, showing its application as a graduated bevel.On the peripheral edge of the shouldered head I) is indicated azero-marlr,which is arranged at a right angle to the center line, b, ofthe shouldered head 12. The graduated rule or blade D having beenclamped between the shouldered head 11 and the clamp-plate c by means ofthe thumb-screw c, it is then moved by hand until the zero-mark on theedge or periphery of the shouldered head I) is in line with the mark ofthe'degree desired and as indicated on the periphery of the disk A ofthe triangular-shaped metallic piece A, when, by simply placing thedevice up against the rectangular-shaped bar P, a graduated bevel ispresented for use.

With the blade or rule D in the position above described, by simplymoving the triangularshaped piece A around on its stud one hundred andeighty degrees the blade D will be brought against the setscrew a",thereby forming the device into a convenient T-square.

It will be observed that the blade or rule D may be used on either oneside or the other of the two-part stock or head of the device by simplyreversing the stud with its threaded shank and nut and mechanism forclamping the blade or rule to position for use, which may beadvantageous in some cases, but I give prefer- Ito 5 jects of myinvention, what I claim as new,

and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described device,consisting of two triangular-shapedmetallic pieces pivoted together, and a blade or rule held in position,

between a shouldered head and plate, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

2. The hereindescribed device, consisting of two triangular-shapedpieces pivot-ed to each other and forming the stock or head thereof, aclamp-plate held in position in a shouldered head carried by the studforming the pivotal connection of said pieces, and a blade or rule heldbetween said clamp-plate and shouldered head by means of a thumb-screw,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. Theherein-described device, consisting of two triangular-shapedpieces pivoted together and forming the stock or head of the device, aclamp-plate held in position in a shouldered plate formed integral witha stud having a threaded shank to which a washer and nut are attached,and said means forming the pivotal connection of said two-part head, anda blade held between said shouldered plate and plate by means of athumb-screw, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The herein-described device, consisting of a triangular-shapedtwo-part head or stock with disks having recessed openings therein, aclamp-plate held in position in a shouldered plate formed integral witha stud having the lower portion thereof partially cut away, and athreaded shank to which is attached a washer and nut, and arranged so asto form the pivotal connection of said two-part head, a blade held inposition between said shouldered plate and plate by means of athumb-screw, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. Theherein'described device, consisting of two triangular shapedmetallic pieces with disks having recessed openings therein, means forpivoting the two metallic pieces together, a graduated blade, and means,as described, for holding the same in position, a seat formed i11-tegral with one of the triangular-shaped pieces, and a screw carrying aplate held in position by means of a spring interposed between saidplate and seat, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. The herein-described device, consisting of two triangular shapedmetallic pieces provided with cheeks and graduated disks having recessedopenings therein, means forming the pivotal connection of said metallicpieces, a clamp-plate and thumb-screw, a blade held in position betweensaid clamp plate and the shouldered plate of the pivotal connection, andmeans, as described, in the projections or flanges of saidtriangularshaped pieces, whereby said blade may be held in properadjustment or position, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. Theherein-described device, consistingof two triangular shapedmetallic pieces with cheeks, and having in oneofsaid piecesa bulb, andformed integralwith said pieces are two partially-graduated disks withrecessed openings therein, a shouldered head provided with a studpartially cut away, and with a threaded shank fitting into the recessedopenings of said disks, a washer and nut attached to said stud and thethreaded shank thereof, a clamp-plate with a turneddown lip held in saidshouldered head, a thumb screw fitting into said plate and head, and ablade held in position thereby but free to turn on said pivotalconnnection to any angle or position to the device, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

HAMPTON W. EVANS.

Witnesses:

I. L. SULLIVAN, G. W. MoRRrsoN.

